Tax And Fee Disclosure
Effective Date: April 17, 2026
About Wave2Wave
Wave2Wave LLC (“Wave2Wave,” “Company,” “we,” “us” or “our”) is a New York limited liability company headquartered at 425 North Broadway, Suite 33, Jericho, NY 11753. Wave2Wave provides Internet access, voice (including Interconnected VoIP), and related communications services (collectively, the “Services”). These Tax and Fee Disclosure form part of the agreement between Wave2Wave and each customer or user of the Services and should be read together with the other legal documents posted on www.wave2wave.com.
Taxes and Surcharges
Federal Surcharges
Federal Universal Service Fund (FUSF). The Telecommunications Act of 1996 requires Wave2Wave to contribute to the Federal Universal Service Fund (“FUSF”). The FUSF helps to make phone service affordable and available to all Americans, including consumers with low incomes; those living in areas where the cost of providing telephone service is high; public schools and libraries; and rural healthcare providers. The Federal Communications Commission (“FCC”) delegates the administration of the FUSF to the Universal Service Administrative Company (“USAC”). Each quarter, the FCC adopts a “contribution factor” for FUSF support. The contribution factor is a percentage of the total interstate and international end-user telecommunications and Interconnected VoIP (“I-VoIP”) revenue that each carrier is responsible for contributing to the FUSF. As permitted by FCC regulations, Wave2Wave has opted to bill the FUSF surcharge as a separate line item to end-user customers. Consistent with such regulations, Wave2Wave only bills FUSF line item charges in an amount equal to the quarterly contribution factor currently in effect multiplied by the invoiced amount subject to the FUSF. This is a permissible pass-through surcharge but is not a tax or charge mandated by the government.
Please visit USAC’s Website for more information on the FUSF.
State & Local Taxes and Surcharges
State & Local Regulatory Surcharges
State Universal Service Fund (USF). Wave2Wave may also be required to contribute to State Universal Service Funds (“SUSF”). The funds may be used to assist in providing universal service and to support a variety of other programs at the state level. Wave2Wave collects applicable charges from its end-user customers. These charges are permissible pass-through surcharges but are not taxes or charges mandated by the government.
Telecommunications Relay Services Fund. Some states also require contributions to State Telecommunications Relay Services (“TRS”) Funds to offset the cost of providing local transmission services that provide hearing or speech challenged individuals with the ability to use certain communications services. Many states require Wave2Wave to remit this fee to the governing authority. Wave2Wave collects applicable fees from customers and remits them to the relevant authorities.
State & Local Sales and Use Tax
All states, with limited exceptions, impose some form of state-level sales and use tax. The sales and use tax is generally imposed on the sale or use of tangible personal property and certain services. These taxes are intended to be passed on to the end user/consumer.
In many states, local jurisdictions also impose a sales or use tax. In some instances, the local sales and use tax is administered by the local jurisdiction. In other instances, the state administers the local sales and use tax.
Certain exemptions apply for sales for resale, and sales to certain types of entities (e.g., the federal government, state and local governments, non-profit entities, etc.).
Wave2Wave collects sales and/or use taxes as required by state and/or local law.
Communications Services Tax
Some state and local jurisdictions impose communications specific taxes on communications services in addition to or in lieu of sales or use tax. The communications services tax is intended to be passed on to the end user/consumer. The rates for communications services taxes are usually different than the sales and use tax rates and vary by jurisdiction.
Certain exemptions apply for sales for resale, and sales to certain types of entities (e.g., the federal government, state and local governments, non-profit entities, etc.).
Wave2Wave collects communications services taxes as required by applicable state and/or local law.
Gross Receipts Taxes
A number of states impose a gross receipts tax on communications service providers. In some states, gross receipts taxes are intended to be passed on to the end user/consumer. In other states, the gross receipts tax is the responsibility of the seller, and there is no pass-through to the end user.
Certain exemptions may exist for gross receipts taxes that are intended to be passed on to the customer, based on the type of entity making the purchase (e.g., the federal government, state and local governments, non-profit entities, etc.).
Wave2Wave pays gross receipts taxes and collects them from customers when required (or permitted) by applicable state and/or local law.
Local Utility Taxes
Local utility taxes are imposed by cities and counties in a select number of states. Certain exemptions apply for sales for resale, and sales to certain types of entities (e.g., the federal government, state and local governments, non-profit entities, etc.).
Wave2Wave pays local utility taxes and collects them from customers when required (or permitted) by applicable state and/or local law.
Local License Taxes
Local license taxes are imposed by cities and counties in a limited number of states.
Certain exemptions apply for sales for resale, and sales to certain types of entities (e.g., the federal government, state and local governments, non-profit entities, etc.).
Wave2Wave pays local license taxes and collects them from customers when required (or permitted) by applicable state and/or local law.
E911 Fees
In order to fund the provision of 911 emergency telephone service, state and local jurisdictions impose E911 fees on certain communications services. These fees are sometimes administered by the state department of revenue, but the majority of E911 fees are assessed and administered by local jurisdictions. E911 fees are intended to be passed on to the customer on the invoice. Sales for resale are generally exempt from E911 fees. Non-profit organizations are generally subject to E911 fees, whereas they might be exempt from taxes or other fees.
Wave2Wave collects E911 fees from customers when required by applicable state and/or local law.
Other Fees
Cost Recovery
VoIP Cost Recovery Fee (CRF).A VoIP Cost Recovery Fee (“CRF”) equal to X% of invoiced charges (excluding taxes) will apply to VoIP services. This charge is imposed to recover costs incurred by Wave2Wave for fees, contributions and/or charges associated with telecommunications services for the sight and hearing impaired, local number portability, North American Numbering Plan administration, and administrative costs, fees and expenditures related to compliance with Federal and state regulatory programs and annual FCC regulatory fee obligations, along with other carrier and administrative expenses (including, but not limited to, legal, general compliance, payroll, property and infrastructure expenses and costs imposed upon Wave2Wave by its suppliers related to Wave2Wave’s VoIP offerings).
This is a permissible fee but is not a tax or charge mandated by the government. For more information on programs supported by the CRF, please see below.
Federal Telecommunications Relay Services (TRS) Fund. The TRS Fund was established by the FCC in 1993 to reimburse TRS providers for the cost of providing interstate TRS services. TRS services are telephone transmission services that provide hearing or speech challenged individuals with the ability to use a traditional telephone.
Under the FCC’s rules, Wave2Wave must contribute a percentage of its intrastate, interstate and international end-user communications revenues to the TRS Fund. The contribution percentage varies annually.
Local Number Portability Administration (LNPA). Local Number Portability (“LNP”) is a customer’s ability to keep existing phone numbers when switching to another service provider. Wave2Wave must provide LNP, as well as contribute to the FCC’s LNPA program, designed to diffuse the costs of administering LNP. Wave2Wave pays a proportionate share of the LNP costs in each region in which it operates and has customers. This fee varies frequently by region.
North American Numbering Program Administration (NANPA). The North American Numbering Plan (“NANP”) is an integrated telephone numbering plan for the Public Switched Telephone Network (“PSTN”) serving multiple countries including the United States and its territories. It is administered by the North American Numbering Plan Administration (“NANPA”).
Under the FCC’s rules, Wave2Wave must contribute to the costs of numbering administration. Contributions are based on a percentage of Wave2Wave’s revenues from customers using international, intrastate and interstate communications services. The percentage varies annually.
Annual Regulatory Fee. Wave2Wave, as an interstate service provider, must pay an annual regulatory fee to the FCC. This fee varies annually.
Internet Access Cost Recovery Fee
An Internet Access Cost Recovery Fee (“CRF”) equal to X% of invoiced charges (excluding taxes) will apply to Internet access services. This charge is imposed to recover administrative and other costs incurred by Wave2Wave related to its Internet access service offerings. These costs include administrative expenses including, but not limited to network investment and infrastructure expenses and costs imposed upon Wave2Wave by its suppliers related to Wave2Wave’s Internet access service offerings.
Network Cost Recovery Fee
A Network Cost Recovery Fee (“CRF”) equal to X% of monthly recurring charges (excluding taxes) will apply to all services. This charge is imposed to recover costs incurred by Wave2Wave related to network and equipment investment, including but not limited to equipment and service upgrades and various costs for supporting critical applications and offerings.
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Wave2Wave LLC | 425 North Broadway, Suite 33, Jericho, NY 11753
Phone: 1 (833) 626-4243 | Email: info@wave2wave.com | Web: www.wave2wave.com
Governed by the laws of the State of New York, exclusive venue in Nassau County, New York.
